SKELETAL RECORDING FORM

Number of Skeletons: Human Skeleton Gender: Female

Recorded on: Name of the researcher:

Skeletal Preservation Status (one underlined):

Remains in good to fair condition/remains in poor condition:

. Some bone surfaces are in fair health, while others are in bad condition.

There was postmortem erosion along the bone shafts, which was detected. Some prominences and articular surfaces have been degraded. Some of the bones had significant post-mortem erosion, resulting in pitted and eroded cortical surfaces, and some articular surfaces were missing or severely degraded.

Pathology as a whole

(circle or draw lesions on diagram and label each with a # that matches to the remarks below)

Comments: The examination of the skeleton suggests that it belonged to a child with poor health. The occipital bone formation was affected by calcification. #1 A marginal fracture extends to a small part of the bone. #2Calcification and fracture suggest possible causes include beatings, crushing trauma or positional trauma.

The mandible suggests poor dental hygiene. #3The first premolar has cavity on the side of the tooth and the incisors are covered in dental plaque. #4The teeth are discolored suggesting possible dental diseases such as gingivitis and scurvy.

General pathology indicates that the child suffered physical trauma or abuse. Exposure to unhygienic condition may have caused various diseases such as dental carries among others.#5 Fractures on other bones including the lumbar vertebrae suggests that the child suffered both physical trauma such as positional trauma and beatings.

(Modified from the Skeletal Recording Form Created by Dr. Andrew Nelson, University of Western Ontario, 2000)

Spinal Pathology (indicate on diagram)

Comments: The lumbar vertebrae had a fracture along the sides of the bone. __ The fracture has chipped the bone reducing its side along the edges.

_____ The convex shape of the bone is slightly altered by the facture.

___ Possible blunt force or positional trauma on the side of lumbar vertebrae. ________These observations are common in L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5

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Key: superior articular facet = SAF inferior AF = IAF

upper demi-facet = UDF lower demi-facet = LDF

tubercle facet = TF right = R left = L

Dental Pathology

(Indicate on diagram)

     Comments: There is a cavity on the side of the left first premolar. The right lateral incisor is covered with discoloration that appears to be dental plaque especially along the base of the tooth. The discoloration of the incisor suggests dental disease, possibly dental carries and gingivitis. The cavity on the side is deep and has penetrated the enamel. There are deposit of plague around and on top of the tooth. The cavity and plaque deposits suggest poor dental hygiene.

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Key: CO = caries on occlusal surface; CI = interproximal caries; CC = cervical caries; K = calculus; AR = alveolar resorption; AB = abscess: H = enamel hypoplasia

(Modified from the Skeletal Recording Form Created by Dr. Andrew Nelson, University of Western Ontario, 2000)