Eye drops and ointments

Because of their effectiveness and safety, topical eye drops and ointments have remained the most common ophthalmic medications. Yet, in the event of systemic absorption, the route can cause discomfort and toxicity. The problems demand a grasp of the pharmaceutical instillation method. One of the most crucial aspects of drop administration is maintaining the maximum level of sanitation, because any impaired state exposes the eye to new infections. The literature supports the optometric worry that manual contacts cause the majority of eye illness (Carnt, Keay, Willcox, Evans, & Stapleton, 2011). While non-microbial soaps may be used, they can become a harbinger of bacteria, and thus microbial soaps are the best. Alcohol-based rubs should not be used, especially among people with contact lens.

While eye drops are primarily absorbed through the cornea, the process can also take place through the conjunctival mucosa, raising concerns over systemic reactions. The safety issue calls for paying attention to detail, where only one drop should be applied per instillation. Similarly, the bottle should be well shaken and the drop should be directed to the lower conjunctival fornix. One should close the eye for two minutes after administration. Another way of minimizing systemic effects is gently pressing the tear duct against the nose when the eye is closed, and wiping excess solution. The patient should also observe the prescription to the letter, as the intraocular concentration is only achievable if the application is on a regular basis, as drops have a short contact time. The environment should also be conducive by ensuring minimal distractions and enough lighting.

Unlike drops, ointments have a prolonged contact time, and the application is less frequent. The apparent advantage of a sustained concentration makes them ideal for night use. However, it is not used with contact lens. Hygiene should also be observed while the dosage should be a little ointment inside the lower eyelid. The application should be followed by blinking to help the ointment spread, as the administration is characterized by short-term blurring. The eye should also be wiped clean every time before instillation.

In the case of children and older patients, the instillation is similar to adults. The only special instruction is handling, where one should seek the help from a third party while toddlers should be wrapped. The administration should be executed when the head is tilted backward or in a supine position, with eyes closed. The drop should be directed on the side closest to the nose. The application should subsequently be followed by eyelid rubbing to allow the drug bathe the eye (Mason& Stevens, 2010).

References

Carnt, N., Keay, L., Willcox, M., Evans, V., & Stapleton, F. (2011). Higher risk taking propensity of contact lens wearers is associated with less compliance. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye, 34(5), 202-206.

Mason, I., & Stevens, S. (2010). Instilling eye drops and ointment in a baby or young child. Community eye health, 23(72), 15.