Environmental Policies

Anderson, Bohmelt, and Ward

Anderson, Bohmelt, and Ward explore the role of the general public in the development and implementation of environmental legislation. To that aim, the article can provide an outlet that implies policies will work, especially when tailored to domestic audiences.

A. Burke (2017, April 21)

A. Burke (2017, April 21). On this Earth Day, here are five things you should know about environmental policy and research. The Brookings Institution, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brookings-now/2017/04/21/on-earth-day-5-things-you-need-to-know-about-environmental-policy-and-research/ The article highlights five critical areas that are easily identifiable among the American population as those that demand for the implementation of environmental policies. This is despite the expected retreat by the current government. This is highly important since it potrays the public as the major driving force in achieving policy objectives.

Clarke, R. A., Stavins, R. N., Greeno, J. L., Bavaria, J. L., Cairncross, F., Esty, D. C., . . . Schot, J. (1994, July-August)

Clarke, R. A., Stavins, R. N., Greeno, J. L., Bavaria, J. L., Cairncross, F., Esty, D. C., . . . Schot, J. (1994, July-August). The Challenge of Going Green. Retrieved from Harvard Business Review: https://hbr.org/1994/07/the-challenge-of-going-green

The article reviews environmental policies on the backdrop of business profitability through the eyes of different experts. The author's are able to show that despite the variance in viewpoints, sustainability can go hand in hand with environment conservation.

Cohen, S. (2014, May 27)

Cohen, S. (2014, May 27). Understanding Environmental Policy. Retrieved from Huffpost: https://www.huffingtonpost.com/steven-cohen/understanding-environment_b_5396672.html

The author discusses a different framework that can be used towards formulation of policies. Cohen (2014) is able to highlight the deficiencies that currently exist from relying from laws that were enacted years ago and suggest that long term gains can be achieved by trading off short term costs.

Confino, J. (2014, April 30)

Confino, J. (2014, April 30). Best practices in sustainability: Ford, Starbucks and more. Retrieved from Guardian News and Media Limited: https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/blog/best-practices-sustainability-us-corporations-ceres

The author presents different organizations that have adopted and are pushing for achievement of sustainability policies. This article is able to show that despite the industry that an organization operates, clear policies will enable both the organization and its employees to take action.

EnvironmentalManagementSystem.com.au (2015)

EnvironmentalManagementSystem.com.au. (2015). Environmental policy. Retrieved from Environmentalpolicy.com.au: http://www.environmentalpolicy.com.au/

The authors of this article provide an avenue from which environmental policies can be understood from an organizations viewpoint. The article is able to present a working definition, importance, and the maintenance that an organization can use in its policy. In addition, it also highlights what an organization can include or omit from its environmental policy.

EPA (2017)

EPA. (2017). Laws & Regulations: Laws and Executive Orders. Retrieved from United States Environmental Protection Agency: https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/laws-and-executive-orders

The website provides an avenue where the laws and executive orders that the United States Environmental Protection Agency operates under and towards achieving. It is important to note that the agency does acknowledge the existence of laws that are not being implemented.

European Commission (2017)

European Commission. (2017). Criminal sanctions for environmental offences. Retrieved from European Commission: https://ec.europa.eu/info/energy-climate-change-environment/implementation-eu-countries/criminal-sanctions-environmental-offences_en

The article discusses the context of environmental crime and what sanctions can be applied thereof. Further, the article also shows the role and rights that members of the public have as concerns environmental policies.

National Research Council (2005)

National Research Council. (2005). Decision-Relevant Science for Evidence-Based Environmental Policy. In N. R. Council, Decision Making for the Environment: Social and Behavioral Science Research Priorities (pp. 85-111). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Retrieved from https://www.nap.edu/read/11186/chapter/8

The article discusses how decision relevance can be used towards policy formulation. By applying a four pronged approach, decision relevance can be used among scientific communities by understanding the responses as well as efforts that are expected from the public.

Peters, G., & Woolley, J. T. (2018)

Peters, G., & Woolley, J. T. (2018). Richard Nixon: "Special Message to the Congress on Environmental Quality.," February 10, 1970. Retrieved from The American Presidency Project: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=2757

Richard Nixon's speech in 1970 echoes to this day given that the task of sustaining and protecting the environment belongs to each individual citizen since "It summons our energy, our ingenuity and our conscience in a cause as fundamental as life itself" (Peters & Woolley, 2018).

References

Anderson, B., Bohmelt, T., & Ward, H. (2017, November 2). Public opinion and environmental policy output: a cross-national analysis of energy policies in Europe. Environmental Research Letters. doi:https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa8f80

Burke, A. (2017, April 21). On Earth Day, 5 things you need to know about environmental policy and research. Retrieved from The Brookings Institution: https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brookings-now/2017/04/21/on-earth-day-5-things-you-need-to-know-about-environmental-policy-and-research/

Clarke, R. A., Stavins, R. N., Greeno, J. L., Bavaria, J. L., Cairncross, F., Esty, D. C., . . . Schot, J. (1994, July-August). The Challenge of Going Green. Retrieved from Harvard Business Review: https://hbr.org/1994/07/the-challenge-of-going-green

Cohen, S. (2014, May 27). Understanding Environmental Policy. Retrieved from Huffpost: https://www.huffingtonpost.com/steven-cohen/understanding-environment_b_5396672.html

Confino, J. (2014, April 30). Best practices in sustainability: Ford, Starbucks and more. Retrieved from Guardian News and Media Limited: https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/blog/best-practices-sustainability-us-corporations-ceres

EnvironmentalManagementSystem.com.au. (2015). Environmental policy. Retrieved from Environmentalpolicy.com.au: http://www.environmentalpolicy.com.au/

EPA. (2017). Laws & Regulations: Laws and Executive Orders. Retrieved from United States Environmental Protection Agency: https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/laws-and-executive-orders

European Commission. (2017). Criminal sanctions for environmental offences. Retrieved from European Commission: https://ec.europa.eu/info/energy-climate-change-environment/implementation-eu-countries/criminal-sanctions-environmental-offences_en

National Research Council. (2005). Decision-Relevant Science for Evidence-Based Environmental Policy. In N. R. Council, Decision Making for the Environment: Social and Behavioral Science Research Priorities (pp. 85-111). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Retrieved from https://www.nap.edu/read/11186/chapter/8

Peters, G., & Woolley, J. T. (2018). Richard Nixon: "Special Message to the Congress on Environmental Quality.," February 10, 1970. Retrieved from The American Presidency Project: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=2757